Indonesia
GEOGRAPHY
Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Area total 1,904,569 sq. km (land 1,811,569 sq km; water 93,000 sq km)
Land boundaries 2,958 km - Malaysia 1,881 km, Papua New Guinea 824 km, Timor-Leste 253 km (measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines)
Coastline 54,716 km
Capital City: Jakarta
etymology: "Jakarta" derives from the Sanscrit "Jayakarta" meaning "victorious city" and refers to a successful defeat and expulsion of the Portuguese in 1527; previously the port had been named "Sunda Kelapa"
Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
Elevation: highest point Puncak Jaya 4,884 m; lowest point Indian Ocean 0 m
Geo Notes:
Indonesia has three time zones
According to Indonesia's National Coordinating Agency for Survey and Mapping, the total number of islands in the archipelago is 13,466, of which 922 are permanently inhabited (Indonesia is the world's largest country comprised solely of islands).
Indonesia contains the most volcanoes of any country in the world - some 76 are historically active; significant volcanic activity occurs on Java, Sumatra, the Sunda Islands, Halmahera Island, Sulawesi Island, Sangihe Island, and in the Banda Sea.
Despite having the fourth largest population in the world, Indonesia is the most heavily forested region on earth after the Amazon
PEOPLE AND SOCIETY
Population: 275,122,131 (July 2021 est.)
Nationality: Indonesian(s)
Languages: Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia
Ethnic Groups: Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.)
Religions: Muslim 87.2%, Protestant 7%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.9% (includes Buddhist and Confucian), unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)
DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE
0-24 years: 41%
25-54 years: 42%
55+ years: 17%
Median age: 31 years
Urbanization - 57% of total population (2021)
Major concentration on the island of Java, which is considered one of the most densely populated places on earth; of the outer islands (those surrounding Java and Bali), Sumatra contains some of the most significant clusters, particularly in the south near the Selat Sunda, and along the northeastern coast near Medan; the cities of Makasar (Sulawesi), Banjarmasin (Kalimantan) are also heavily populated.
NATIONAL IDENTITY
COUNTRY NAMES
conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia
conventional short form: Indonesia
Independence: 17 August 1945 (declared independence from the Netherlands)
National holiday: Independence Day, 17 August
Government Type: Parliamentary Republic
Administrative Divisions
31 provinces (provinsi-provinsi, singular - provinsi), 1 autonomous province*, 1 special region** (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 national capital district*** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Jakarta***, Jambi, Jawa Barat (West Java), Jawa Tengah (Central Java), Jawa Timur (East Java), Kalimantan Barat (West Kalimantan), Kalimantan Selatan (South Kalimantan), Kalimantan Tengah (Central Kalimantan), Kalimantan Timur (East Kalimantan), Kalimantan Utara (North Kalimantan), Kepulauan Bangka Belitung (Bangka Belitung Islands), Kepulauan Riau (Riau Islands), Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara (North Maluku), Nusa Tenggara Barat (West Nusa Tenggara), Nusa Tenggara Timur (East Nusa Tenggara), Papua, Papua Barat (West Papua), Riau, Sulawesi Barat (West Sulawesi), Sulawesi Selatan (South Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tengah (Central Sulawesi), Sulawesi Tenggara (Southeast Sulawesi), Sulawesi Utara (North Sulawesi), Sumatera Barat (West Sumatra), Sumatera Selatan (South Sumatra), Sumatera Utara (North Sumatra), Yogyakarta**
Flag Description
Two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; the colors derive from the banner of the Majapahit Empire of the 13th-15th centuries; red symbolizes courage, white represents purity
National anthem
Name: "Indonesia Raya" (Great Indonesia)
lyrics/music: Wage Rudolf SOEPRATMAN
note: adopted 1945
National symbol(s): garuda (mythical bird); national colors: red, white
ECONOMY
Petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism
Exchange rate: 1 USD = 14,250 Indonesian Rupiah (IDR), 2021 est.
COMM
International: country code - 62
Internet country code - .id
Mobile cellular subscriptions: 341,277,549 (126.15 per 100 inhabitants, 2019 est.)
Internet users total: 104,563,108 (38% of population, 2018 est.)
SOURCE: CIA World Factbook
